The Courage Found in Native Americans - 512 Words

Courage means â€Å"the ability to do something that frightens one.† Which is what three Native American’s did, but in many different ways, and showed courage to a lot of different things but they are all still related in at least one way. Native Americans have the highest suicide and depression rate. Like Little Tree, Junior, and the NPR Navajo are three Indian’s and a tribe. All of these Indians had to deal with the white men judging and being racist towards them. Like in the book Little Tree when him and his grandfather were walking back home, and a car stopped them and asked for directions she called them foreigners, because grandpa was trying to be polite and the girl did not realize it. Another huge problem that these Native Americans relied on the Government, but the Government did not support them any kind of way. They took over their land and forced them to live on reservations. Besides Little Tree he lived in the mountains. But even though he lived in the mountains his grandparents and him still have’d to deal with the Government. The conditions of the Native Americans are difficult influenced their struggle. Like Junior and Little Tree were very young and didn’t really understand why the white men made fun of them or why they got teased, or why they didn’t really have any friends. For example Junior got bullied almost everyday he went to school all the kids would hit him and tease him and no one helped him, because he didn’t have any friends to help him. LittleShow MoreRelatedThe Round House By Louise Erdrich1293 Words   |  6 PagesSurvivance is a term that is used in Native American studies and it includes two important terms: â€Å"survival† and â€Å"resistance†. Survivance refers to an active sense of presence and in native stories, natural reason, active traditions, customs, narrative resistance, and clearly observable in personal attributes, such as humor, spirit, cast of mind, and moral courage (Vizenor). It allows them to transform their experiences of historical trauma into courage, forgiveness, and healing through politicalRead MorePocahontas And Benjamin Franklin : Tragic And Historical Events Developed During The Time Of American Colonization871 Words   |  4 Pagesreflect on America’s beginnings with admiration and pride. During the time of American colonization, tensions between the English and the Native Americans rose exponentially. The New World was newly formed, and both Englishmen and Native Americans found themselves in unfavorable positions while drastic transformations occurred in their relative societies. The land and livelihood which once belonged to the Native Americans, became dominated by these foreign Englishmen. The Englishmen left all that wasRead MoreThe Life Of Sitting Bull1420 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyanne against the United States. The cause of the war was the desire of the U.S. government to obtain ownership of the Black Hills. Gold had been discovered in the Black Hills, settlers began to encroach onto Native American lands. Indian victory notwithstanding, the U.S. with its superior resources was soon able to force the Indians to surrender, primarily by attacking and destroying their encampments and property.The Agreement of 1877 officially annexed Sioux landRead MoreIntegrating Holistic Modalities into Native American Alcohol Treatment1295 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy to investigate the influence a single opioid receptor on alcohol dependence rates among Native Americans. Ehlers, et al. (2008) noted that people with lower risk of becoming an alcoholic were more sensitive to the effects of alcohol, while people at higher risk for alcoholism were less sensitive to the effects. The research team also discussed the firewater myth that is common among current Native American culture, which postulates a constitutional predisposition to alcoholism as a result of anRead More Undaunted Courage Essay732 Words   |  3 Pages A Brief Look at Stephen E. Ambrose’s Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Undaunted Courage is a very detailed account of what Ambrose considers the most important expedition in American history, Lewis and Clark’s exploration of the west. Ambrose attempts to project Thomas Jefferson’s vision of a country that stretches from sea to shining sea, of an open road to the west, of an â€Å"Empire of Liberty†. Ambrose repeatedlyRead MoreHistory of New Mexico and La Florida Del Inca: A Comparative Analysis1198 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing sympathetic to the Spanish side in these conflicts and share a belief in its mission of spreading Christianity to the natives of the New World. They refer to the Indians as savages, barbarians and infidels although as a mestizo Garcilaso was also quite sympathetic in his description of the Inca civilization created by his mothers people, although less so to other native peoples he regarded as uncivilized. Villagrà ¡ and Garcilaso were both military men from a feudal-warrior culture as well,Read MoreEssay Role of Religion in Early American Literature619 Words   |  3 PagesRole of Religion in Early American Literature American Literature, especially of the early settler and colonial period is marked by a deep sense of religion and a stress upon writing about matters related to religion. The development of early American literature thus can be seen to be a reflection of the religious ideals followed by the early settlers and colonists and it became a means of promoting a moral and ethical way of life. Early American literature is filled with an obvious expressionRead MoreManifest Destiny : Ugly Truth Behind Pretty Lies887 Words   |  4 PagesDestiny that I found most convincing and close to my own interpretation was â€Å"Manifest Destiny as an expression of white superiority is but one explanation for what became a clear rise of anti-Mexican sentiments in the 1850s†. This perspective to me seemed to be the only one that did not skirt around what seemed to be the logical truth and explanations for why Manifest Destiny took place: for the prospects they were able to gain from western lands; for the pursuit of Native American lands; and forRead MoreCeremony By Leslie Marmon Silko1035 Words   |  5 PagesCeremony by Leslie Marmon Silko is a novel written multidimensionally to portray the traditions and ceremonial practices of the Native American. Silko describes the rebuilding of the Native American culture by writing the real story and poems in the alternate story. The a nimal symbolism is an integral piece of the novel’s importance that reflects characters and the Native American culture with the use of them in metaphors. Silko respectfully depicts the animals, such as cattle, Fly and Hummingbird, andRead More Christopher Columbus: The Villain Essay641 Words   |  3 PagesI believe that Christopher Columbus is a villain. Although Christopher Columbus used his courage and great navigation skills to voyage to a place unknown to the western part of the world many native people suffered from his voyages to the west. In 1492 Columbus set out to find a shorter route to Asia by sailing west to get east. In his voyage he came upon the Caribbean Islands, and a Native American tribe called the Taino. When Christopher Columbus landed on the island of Hispaniola (now

Children Should Be Tried As An Individual Juvenile...

There’s an old saying, â€Å"don’t do the crime, if you can’t do the time†. Our youth is doing the crimes, not realizing the true consequences of their actions; hence their immaturity. â€Å"Per a 2011 report on the National Institute of Corrections, 250,000 minors wind up in the adult criminal justice system each year.† (Hannum, 2016). But that does not mean, they should be tried as an adult for their crimes. Nor should they get off easy because they are under the age of eighteen. You can pick any day of the week, about 10,000 of our children are being put in adult prisons and jails. (Hannum, 2016). Nearly every year, the FBI arrest more than 33,000 young adults under the age of eighteen for offenses.† (Khan, 2010.). It’s time for society and our†¦show more content†¦But they know eventually they will have their privileges returned. But to say they truly understand that if they go to commit a crime that they may lose their f reedom, they don’t think it can happen to them. â€Å"Recent research by psychologists demonstrates that, relative to adults, adolescents are: less likely to foresee the consequences of their actions, more influenced by peer pressure, more likely to act rashly and without thought about their behaviors, and less likely to comprehend the law and their legal rights.† (Kupchik, 2007). Problem Two Secondly, it being based on race/ethnic background of the juvenile and not based on the crime or the individual person. How many times have you watched television and seen a Caucasian, African American and Latino person commit the same crime but the charges may differ and the sentencing is not equal. Of the three nationalities, the Caucasian will be charged with the same crime but received the least amount of time. The African American is going to receive the most time of all three. Our judicial system is set up to fail in minorities. â€Å"Transfer laws exacerbate the problem of racial/ethnic imbalance that plagues the justice system. Research of transfer to criminal court generally finds that African American and Latino/a youth are more likely to be transferred to criminal court than white youth, even when controlling for their offenses and their prior records. This discrepancyShow MoreRelatedJust Mercy Essays : Juveniles Being Tried As Adults1407 Words   |  6 Page sIn Contrast to Bryan Stevenson’s â€Å"Just Mercy† stories of juveniles being tried as adults, Jason Zeidenberg in the article â€Å"The Risks Juveniles Face When They Are Incarcerated with Adults† strongly emphasizes the dangers and consequences that juveniles face when they are tried as adults. Zeidenberg states the consequences of juveniles being raped, assaulted, committing suicide and the effects of being victimized. Children who are housed in the same facility as Adults is not a good idea nor a goodRead MoreShould Juveniles Be Tried as Adults? Essay867 Words   |  4 Pages1301-279 April 29, 2012 Should Juveniles be tried as Adults? There are many controversies that surround juveniles being rehabilitated rather than going through the adult justice system, but studies show that juveniles are not fully developed to be tried as an adult. One of the main questions that it always boils down to is â€Å"should juveniles be tried as adults?† in my opinion juveniles should not be tried as adults because of their age. First, I believe that juveniles should not be tried as adults becauseRead MoreCriminal Crime : A Crime, Assault, Burglary, And Assault1476 Words   |  6 PagesWhen hearing about a crime that has been committed, individuals do not tend to think about spending time with that criminal. This is on account of the individual portrayed as a criminal, one who has the mentality of perpetrating a rough offense. Regardless the age of the criminal, he or she in any case would be an unappealing party to those that are â€Å"model citizens.† Felony crime is characterized by the Department of Justice as â€Å"crime, assault, burglary, and attack† (Legal Dictionary). AccordingRead MoreThe Main Aim Of Eradicating Criminal From The Society1439 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile Crimes The main aim of eradicating criminal from the society is to enhance peaceful coexistence among people and to aid development. In this regard, individuals who fail to fit in this setting should be eradicated regardless of their age and made responsible for their actions. Releasing murderers, rapists, and other criminals from jail after serving a lenient and short sentence does not rehabilitate them in any way. In this regard, all those who are engaged in criminal activities that riskRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Design A Program That Will Fit Into The Kids Lifestyle957 Words   |  4 Pagesset of guidelines, the state can acts as a guardian for individuals who are unable to care for themselves, such as children. In this policy, the state act through a Juvenile Court Judge when a child is delinquent, abandoned or need parental care. Also â€Å"Parens patriae† occur if the natural parents are incompetent to control their children. In this case the juvenile justice system design a program that will fit into the kids lifestyle as should have been done by his or her natural parents. 2. WhatRead MoreJuveniles Should Be Tried During Adult Court1383 Words   |  6 PagesRaven Leal Ms. Huber AP Lang/Comp 6 6 March 2015 Juveniles Should Be Tried in Adult Court Kenzie Houk had everything going for her. She was twenty-six, engaged to the love of her life, and was eight-and-a-half months pregnant. In the late winter of 2009, her four-year-old daughter waddled in her bedroom, hoping to surprise her mommy with a good morning smile. Instead, she found her mother with a bullet through her head. Eleven-year-old Jordan Brown, the soon-to-be stepson of Kenzie Houk, was arrestedRead MoreCrime And Juvenile And Adult Crimes1019 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s criminal justice system in the United States, there is a lot of dispute between what the qualifications are for juvenile and adult crimes. Some believe that the only difference is age. Others say it is the severity of the crime. It’s obvious that when adults commit crimes, whether they are a misdemeanor offense or a felony, they pay for it. The confliction comes when a juvenile commits a crime. What exactly determines if they are tried as an adult or a juvenile? Does it vary by stat e-to-stateRead MoreJustice : Age Or Actions?1643 Words   |  7 PagesJustice: Age or Actions? In our society, a juvenile is eligible to vote at the age of 18, allowed to drive in some states at the age of 16, and permitted to drink at the age of 21. Therefore, it is logical to determine that a juvenile under the age of eighteen is mature enough to be charged as an adult when they commit violent crimes (Chiou, 131). According to the Justice Department, about ten percent of homicides occurring in the United States are committed by juveniles under the age of eighteenRead MoreEssay on juvenile violence903 Words   |  4 Pages Juveniles Tried As Adults 1 Juveniles Tried As Adults 2 Trying juvenile criminals as adults is unfair. Juvenile offenders are not as cognitively developed or mature as adults and, therefore, should not be held accountable for their crimes in the same way adults are. Many tough-on-crime advocates call for certain juvenile crimes to be automatically heard in adult criminal courts with convicted criminals subject to sentencing under adult standards. Such proposals focus on theRead MoreThe Juvenile Court System Should Be Abolished1489 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst juvenile court was established in 1899 as a part of the Juvenile Court Act. It was founded on three principles: juveniles are not ready to be held accountable for their actions, are not yet fully developed, and can rehabilitate easier than adults. In all but three states, anyone charged with committing a criminal act before his or her eighteenth birthday is considered a juvenile offender. Now more than ever, states and countries have begun to question the reliability of the juvenile court.

Innovation Business and Development Explaining the Innovations

Question: Describe about the Innovation Business and Development for Explaining the Innovations. Answer: Innovation and Business Development The essay contains improvement on the understanding of the business model. The essay also describes the theoretical understanding of the business model for explaining the innovations of the company in the real world. It also describes the understanding of the business model and disruption. The essay gives an explanation relating to the disrupting beliefs of the new approach to the business model. The essay will select an industry, company or product/service which has been disrupted and a new business model has been adopted in the last seven years. A real life example should be taken for explaining the disruption. Critically it is also comparing and identifying the reason for implementing new business model (Chesbrough 2013). Further, it contains transcript based on the finding of the topic. For clear and precise understanding there should be example based on the real life story with disruption and inclusion of the new business model. The transcript will help in understanding the topi c clear with the example. The business model has summarized representation of company is reasonable, printed or graphical where all center is interrelated compositional and money related transactions which are outlined and created by a company in the future and Administration. Company offers and will be the offering of these game plans that are expected to accomplish its vital objectives and goals. The business model is plan or model adopted by the company to estimate or generate gains from the operations of the company (Mahmood et al., 2013). Efficiency and effectiveness of the company are compared form the gross profit of the company. The primary stage of the firm's business model is pricing and cost. The company can increase the prices, and it can find stocks at decreased costs, which will result in increasing gross profit. Gross profit is considered the initial line of the profit because it only takes into consideration expense and not cost (Baden-Fuller and Haefliger 2013). Disruption can be referred as disturbance or issue which is interrupted by an event, action or method. Disruption relating to innovation creates a new market and interrupts an existing market by removing a settled market, industry, and product or service (Holm et al., 2013). Not every innovation can be disruptive even though they are radical. The innovation is produced by the external people and the owners of the business instead of existing marketing companies. The business surrounding of the market does not allow seeking "disruptive innovation" when it is first emerged it is so because it is not profitable initially, and then the improvement can lead extinct resources to form the sustainable innovation. The disruptive method takes more time to develop and risk related, and other incremental is more than the conventional process and developmental types of advancements and still it is sent to the business sector. This accomplishes more fast entry and higher level of the effect on set ting up the business sectors (Boons et al., 2013). Glaxo Smith kline (GSK) is a pharmaceutical company settled in 2000, with its headquarter in Brentford, London. It was formed by the merger of Glaxo Wellcome and Smith Kline Beecham. As per 2015, it is the worlds sixth largest Pharmaceutical Company. It has diversification in pharmaceutical, malaria vaccine, consumer healthcare, facilities and scientific identification (Au.gsk.com. 2016). Initially, GSK used to engage in the producing the medicine and research that is manufacturer business model was adopted. But on the January 2016, it engaged and introduced in new framework. It engaged in the program of medical education event and interacting with the health care professionals to improve the clearance in the company. Here is the following change which has come to effect in Australia in GSK are first is Peer to peer discussion has increased with the GSK medicals - Being a technical expert on medicine and vaccines" they are the one who will be responsible for answering. For providin g educational support related to the medicine, the number of doctors and academics has been increased. Secondly, Independent Medical Education getting affected if there are any educational gaps identified and the third party have become strong scheme to address then the medical education will be supported by the GSK (Ngo and O'Cass 2013). Third is the Health care professional are not paid directly For talking on behalf of GSK related to Prescription medicines and vaccines for which they treat or help in curing have phased out payment related to healthcare professionals. In place of that GSK medical staff, being an expert of products has increased the role in external communication (Kastalli and Van 2013). The fourth is In case of getting correct and informed decision relating to the patient care; doctors should access good information on time. When there is a matter of existing and new medicines and vaccines, the responsibility lies with the subject matter expert. Fifth is it also aims at implementing innovate ways to meet the information needed by doctors, which is mindful information is provided by the company view as conflict. Sixth is sale professionals will be given incentives based on the technical information, and the quality they provide to the doctors for engaging in increased patient care and wide set of business performance are being measured (Ritala et al., 2012). Seventh is they decide to continue their work and pay for fair market compensation to academics and the doctors that non-promotional activities will not be carried out without the expertise and scholars etc., The significance of the future of business models are given the key qualities condensed from the evaluation of the instances of Australian undertakings developing the business model can be stated as first it should be started with attention on the client, specifically to address the issue (Ikeda et al., 2016). In central and viable business model an installed comprehension of separating enterprises form its rivals as per the clients will be in collaboration with the individuals, aptitude, and innovation capacity. So it is unequivocal to aggressiveness and life span of the model. Further, it encompasses on the worth recommendations by a huge compelling business model are quite straightforward. The quality of few of the business plan is found as a way to increase the adaptability in taking care of the client request, without expanding creation expense. Outsourcing is utilized for building a comeback in the organization with unmistakable skills and reinforcement of the business model. T he business model is demonstrated on a little scale and after the scale goes up. For various firms their plan of action advanced after some time through a grouping of developments, instead of one radical movement (Amit and Zott 2012). Finally, to conclude, it is said that the objective of the topic is fully achieved with proper evaluation of the findings of the business model. The explanation of the business model has been done the proper research. Glaxo Smith Kline (GSK), the pharmaceutical company, has been taken as an example of the new business model implementation continuing with the existing model (Khanagha et al., 2014). Implementation of the new business model has an advantage as well disadvantage, but the business model should be selected based on some theory and concept. Otherwise it will make the company go through loss. So the final verdict of continuing the company is to keep the process of innovation continuing in the company. Innovation helps the business and company in making profit as well as expanding. Diversification is also one of the companies' approaches to innovation. Reference List Amit, R. and Zott, C., 2012. Creating value through business model innovation.MIT Sloan Management Review,53(3), p.41. Au.gsk.com. (2016).Home | GSK Australia. [online] Available at: https://au.gsk.com/ [Accessed 20 Aug. 2016]. Baden-Fuller, C. and Haefliger, S., 2013. Business models and technological innovation.Long range planning,46(6), pp.419-426. Boons, F., Montalvo, C., Quist, J. and Wagner, M., 2013. Sustainable innovation, business models and economic performance: an overview.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, pp.1-8. Chesbrough, H., 2013.Open business models: How to thrive in the new innovation landscape. Harvard Business Press. Holm, A.B., Gnzel, F. and Ulhi, J.P., 2013. Openness in innovation and business models: lessons from the newspaper industry.International Journal of Technology Management,61(3/4), pp.324-348. Ikeda, K., Ikeda, K., Marshall, A. and Marshall, A., 2016. How successful organizations drive innovation.Strategy Leadership,44(3), pp.9-19. Kastalli, I.V. and Van Looy, B., 2013. Servitization: Disentangling the impact of service business model innovation on manufacturing firm performance.Journal of Operations Management,31(4), pp.169-180. Khanagha, S., Volberda, H. and Oshri, I., 2014. Business model renewal and ambidexterity: structural alteration and strategy formation process during transition to a Cloud business model.RD Management,44(3), pp.322-340. Mahmood, I., Chung, C.N. and Mitchell, W., 2013. The evolving impact of combinatorial opportunities and exhaustion on innovation by business groups as market development increases: the case of Taiwan.Management Science,59(5), pp.1142-1161. Ngo, L.V. and O'Cass, A., 2013. Innovation and business success: The mediating role of customer participation.Journal of Business Research,66(8), pp.1134-1142. Ritala, P., Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, P. and Ntti, S., 2012. Coordination in innovation-generating business networks-the case of Finnish mobile TV development.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,27(4), pp.324-334.

Juvenile Drug Courts Essays - Criminal Law, Criminology,

Juvenile Drug Courts JUVENILE DRUG COURTS Drugs and our youth, the numbers are rising. More and more children today are using drugs without their parents knowing. What happens when they get caught? It all depends on who caught them. If it is the parents, usually a big punishment. If it is law enforcement they may have to appear in front of drug courts specialized to handle juvenile cases. Sometimes the parents may even turn them in, just for the treatment and help these special courts can offer. The juveniles are then referred to juvenile drug courts for help. Today there are 72 juvenile drug courts in operation in 41 states in the United States, with more to come in the future What exactly is a juvenile drug court? What do they do? How do they help? Why are more specialized courts coming up for juveniles? A juvenile drug court, as defined by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention is a juvenile drug court is defined as a drug court that focuses on juvenile delinquency (e.g., criminal) matters and status offenses (e.g., truancy) that involve substance-abusing juveniles. (OJJDP; Juvenile and Family Drug Courts: An Overview, November 1996) Another way to look at juvenile drug courts is that they are special courts that provide judicial supervision for nonviolent juvenile offenders as they participate in addictions treatment services. Through an intensive, long-term program lasting from nine to 12 months, drug treatment courts monitor the offenders' progress in treatment in an effort to stop their use of drugs, end their involvement in crime and improve their ability to function as responsible citizens and family members. The courts hold the offenders accountable for their progress in the program by requiring weekly or frequent random drug tests, participation in intensi ve treatment services on a regular basis (initially three to four times per week), and weekly appearances in court to allow the judge to determine each offender's progress in treatment. With the seemingly rising numbers in juveniles with drug problems there is a need more than ever to specialize programs to help our nations youth. They are needed to help these children overcome their addiction and clean up their act and move on to bigger and better things. Mostly, first time drug offenders are sent to these courts to help before it is too late. Drugs are not the only thing that can send a juvenile to court, alcohol charges can as well. Another important aspect is to ensure that these teens stay clean. If they dont they can end up with detention sentences, home incarceration, or possibly moved into the adult court system. Using one example of how drug courts work is from King County, Washington. Superior Court Judge Laura Inveen is over the juvenile drug court in King County. Twenty-five teenagers appear before her every Thursday in the 4-month-old drug court. All of the youths referred to the court have been either charged with a drug or alcohol offense, or they are accused of committing property crimes while under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Juveniles charged with violent or sex-related offenses are excluded. Participating teenagers must attend weekly court hearings, complete court-ordered treatment, attend school, participate in individual, group and family counseling, and undergo random urine tests. After the firs t three months, youths who make progress can check in less frequently. Failure to comply with any part of the program can result in penalties ranging from having to repeat an earlier phase of treatment, to spending a day on a work crew, or being jailed for a few days in the detention center. So far, one teenager has been removed from the program because he needed intensive inpatient mental health treatment. None of the youths have flunked. Parents are also expected to participate in the weekly check-ins to report on their children's progress. (Teichroeb) By this report, it seems that the drug courts may work for our youth. As with any other court system, juvenile drug courts are there to ensure the success of each individual child. This is such a hot topic at this time because of the get tough on drugs debate. Americans dont want their children growing up addicted to drugs and heading

Prone to Clone essays

Prone to Clone essays The practice of human cloning is beneficial to society; therefore it must be legally endorsed. Since the cloning of Dolly, the sheep, the first mammal produced from an adult cell in 1997, the concept of attempting human cloning has become the subject of many debates. Parties in opposition to human cloning are simply frightened by the idea because it is a new and misunderstood science. A substantial benefit of human cloning is that with new technological knowledge, scientists are discovering means to generate entire separate organs and other tissues such as nerve and heart muscle cells without the creation of an entire person. At present, there is a great shortage of organs on hand for transplants, and persistent study in cloning of this nature may well eliminate this dilemma. According to an article in Scientific American: Once we are able to drive nerve cells from cloned embryos, we hope not only to heal damaged spinal cords but to treat brain disorders such as Parkinsons disease, in which the death of brain cells that make a substance called dopamine leads to uncontrollable tremors and paralysis. Alzheimers disease, stroke and epilepsy might also yield to such an approach. (Cibelli 3) An additional benefit of human cloning is that it can present couples that cannot reproduce with an opportunity to have children who are biologically related to them, whereas they otherwise could not. Current treatments for infertility are not very successful. Couples experience physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples are exhausted of their money and time without successfully having children. Reproduction through cloning is similar enough to other common reproductive techniques, such as in-vitro fertilization, that is should not be dealt with differently, and it must be presented as an option. Thomas H. Murray, Ph.D. at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio say...

Chinese Language Characters as Pictographs

Chinese Language Characters as Pictographs   A common misconception about Chinese characters is that they are pictures. I have met many people who dont study Chinese who think that the writing system works much like rebuses where pictures represent concepts and meaning is communicated by listing many such pictures next to each other. This is partly correct, there are a number of Chinese characters that are actually drawn from just looking at the world; these are called pictographs. The reason I say that its a misconception is that these characters make up a very small portion of the total number of characters (perhaps as little as 5%). Since they are so basic and easy to understand, some teachers give their students the false impression that this is the way characters are normally formed, which is not true. This makes Chinese feel much easier, but any learning or teaching method built on this will be limited. For other, more common ways of forming Chinese characters, please read this article. Still, it is important to know how pictographs work because they are the most basic kind of Chinese character and they appear frequently in compounds. Learning pictographs is relatively easy if you know what they represent. Drawing a Picture of Reality Pictographs were originally pictures of phenomena in the natural world. Over the centuries, some of these pictures have morphed beyond recognition, but some are still clear. Here are some examples: Ã¥ ­  child (zÇ ) mouth (kÇ’u)æÅ"ˆ moon (yuà ¨) mountain (shÄ n)æÅ" ¨ tree (mà ¹)ç” ° field (tin) While it might be hard to guess what these characters mean the first time you see them, its relatively easy to recognize the drawn objects once you know which they are. This makes them easier to remember as well. If you want to see how some common pictographs have evolved, please check the pictures here. The Importance of Knowing Pictographs Even though its true that only a small proportion of Chinese characters are pictographs, that doesnt mean that they arent important. First, they represent some very basic concepts that students need to learn early on. They arent necessarily the most common characters (those are usually grammatical in nature), but they are still common. Second, and more importantly, pictographs are very common as components of other characters. If you want to learn to read and write Chinese, you have to break characters down and understand both the structure and the components themselves. Just to give you a few examples, the character Ã¥  £ (kÇ’u) mouth appears in hundreds of characters related to speaking or sounds of different kinds! Not knowing what this character means would make learning all those characters much harder. Likewise, the character æÅ" ¨ (mà ¹) tree above is used in characters that represent plants and trees, so if you see this character in a compound next to (usually to the left) of a character you have never seen before, you can be reasonably sure that its a plant of some sort. To get a more complete picture of how Chinese characters work, though, pictographs arent enough, you need to understand how they are combined in different ways: Character type 1: PictographsCharacter type 2: Simple ideogramsCharacter type 3: Combined ideographsCharacter type 4: Semantic-phonetic compounds

The Controversy Surrounding the law on the Positive Role of the French Essay

The Controversy Surrounding the law on the Positive Role of the French Presence Overseas - Essay Example This law, otherwise known as the 'February 23, 2005' law, was passed quietly in February of 2005, but came to prominence in the autumn when there was an overwhelming vote by conservative deputies against a bid to revoke the phrase. This touched off on a debate about whether France, whose empire ended in bloody wars in Indochina and Algeria, had learnt from its colonial experience. The trouble started in February when lawmakers quietly slipped a clause into a bill requiring schools to "recognize in particular the positive character of the French overseas presence, notably in North Africa." Some of the key players in this situation would be: President Jacques Chirac of Paris, Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin, Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy, Gilles Manceron, and Olivier Petre-Grenouilleau - a respected historian who was accused of making statements in an interview which implied that the slave trade was not a crime against humanity. (In fact, he said that it didn't constitute genocide). Gilles Manceron noted that for some historians, the treatment of the harkis exemplifies how France has basically failed to deal with aspects of its past, saying "The state put them in military camps or in isolated camps in forests, cut off from the rest of the French population. This isolation is comparable to the treatment of indigenous people in the colonies." (Gehmlich, 2006). Hamlaoui Mekachera, junior minister for veterans' affairs who is also of Algerian origin and in fact actually fought for the French army during the Algerian war, praised the law, saying it was "a historic moment for people of all origins who have been repatriated." He went on to say, "The current debate must not allow us to forget the real range of measures (the law) contains." (Geimlich, 2006). Who Wants a Repeal of the law and who Does not, and why More than 1000 historians, writers and intellectuals have signed a petition demanding the repeal of this law. "In retaining only the positive aspects of colonialism this law imposes an official lie on massacres that at times went as far as genocide on the slave trade, and on the racism that France has inherited," says the petition, which has also been signed by one of France's best-loved humorists, Guy Bedos, and a leading film director, Patrice Chereau. The principal objection to the law is

Sergei Eisenstein's Theory of Montage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sergei Eisenstein's Theory of Montage - Essay Example His film theories have been assimilated by collecting and analysing drop by drop the essence of knowledge ranging from Pavlovian psychology to linguistic theories of that period to constructivist ideas on visual arts and sculpture in particular and to the bio-mechanics theory evolved by Mayerhold in the field of acting. Also his film theories had been nourished by the fountains of Hegelian dialectics, various schools of Europian art and basic conceptions of Europian music and literature. (Harcourt, 1974, p.37) Eisenstein’s major film theories are weaved around a basic concept in film making, namely montage. Montage is a French word and the meaning of this word is merely editing. The process of joining together the pieces of film is the idea that is conveyed by this word. The beginning of the history of montage can be summed up in these words; â€Å"Edwin. S. Porter discovered the possibility of creating narrative structure by inter-cutting sequences, thereby allowing different elements of story to coexist in an illusion of simultaneity. D.W. Griffith further developed and refined the technique, â€Å"invented† the close up and perfected parallel montage, the fundamental element of film narrative construction in which two events separated in space but co-existing in time are paralleled to one another for contrast, suspense and tension.† ( Kolker, 1983, p.15). The American film director D.W.Griffith was the first to make a powerful use of montage in films. His film, â€Å"The great train robbery† produced in 1903 was a classic and powerful example of montage editing. In this film, when persons went out of a door in one location and then another shot was shown in which they entered another location, the viewer arrived at the infere nce that they entered directly from one to the other location. Thus for the first time film showed that space and

IGCSE English Essay on Global Essay Example for Free

IGCSE English Essay on Global Essay I recently read your essay about global warming stating that humans have not contributed to its existence. I believe that it is important to study both sides of this argument thoroughly before drawing a conclusion. Although you cleverly wrote an essay based on a couple of hand-picked facts, there is still another side of the issue which is yet to be told. I believe that global warming is a problem which has arisen due to the careless actions of humanity. Does denying global warming’s existence mean that humans can continue with their wasteful ways? After all of the arguments, debating, and disagreements, is global warming real? Its existence is undeniable. The real question is, are human-beings the cause of global warming? Imagine having to separate your garbage into 3 different boxes rather than 1. This simple task would undoubtedly require a bit more effort on our behalf, and to be frank, no one likes to do extra work. We fail to believe that global warming is caused by us knowing that we would have to make changes in our lifestyles that could potentially require more effort. Was it in elementary school that we learned about the water cycle, about how one thing affects the next? Similarly, global warming is but a chain of events in which humans are heavily involved. People cannot simply burn immense quantities of fossil fuels in hopes that there will be no after-effects. In fact, the repercussions of all of this industrialization can be seen through the form of air pollution which consists of carbon dioxide (CO2). Factories burn fossil fuels and simultaneously release pollutants in the air; hence, man-made CO2 is formed. Since the pre-industrial era, man-made CO2 has increased by a third with a consequential change in global temperatures. By creating this man-made CO2, the carbon cycle has been disrupted and the excess CO2 is becoming cumulative. As a result, the natural carbon exchange is unable to absorb this additional carbon dioxide. We are unable to see the truth even when it is right before us. Only a crazy person would think that global temperatures are the same as they were 100 years ago. Statistics show that the average global temperatures in the 1880s were approximately 14 degrees Celsius. Global temperatures within the past decade have been climbing as high as 15 degrees Celsius. Throughout the years, the rate of warming has increased, and to most people’s horror, has occurred within the span of a few decades. Scientists have not been fretting over a minor global temperature change, but the fact that temperatures have increased during such a short period of time. The famous Medieval Warming Period occurred from 700 AD to 1250. The drastic temperature increases occurred within approximately 4 centuries. Comparatively, global temperatures have risen by over 1 degree Fahrenheit within a single century. Surely you can see the severity of the situation within these simple statistics. The world is changing. Humans continue to alter the planet’s self-regulating systems, and these actions will be reflected by the lack of resources in the future. Some have dedicated their entire lives to the study of global warming in order to prove that it is very much existant, and not the myth which it is perceived to be. The main cause behind all of these changes is carbon emissions. Carbon emissions have been high enough to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to current levels of approximately 390 parts per million. This is an increase of 75 parts per million from 1960 when it was estimated at 315 parts per million. We are exhausting the Earth’s atmosphere and tampering with what was supposed to remain untouched. In your essay about global warming, you stated that â€Å"temperatures declined from 1940 to 1980† and â€Å"by the 1990’s temperatures appeared to have reversed†. However, it can be observed from global climate charts that the temperatures between 1940 and 1980 were, as a matter of fact, fluctuating. On the other hand, temperatures from 1980 to present day have only increased and have shown absolutely no signs of cooling. In other words, the global temperatures in 1940 to 1980 were not declining, but were slightly rising and falling. Some may believe that global warming is yet another one of the world’s phases. If so, are they ready to abuse our planet until it finally exceeds exhaustion? Like everything else in the world, the Earth has its limits. By continually releasing large amounts of CO2 into the planet’s atmosphere, we are not only having an impact on global temperatures, but on nature as a whole. Temperatures will increase and glaciers will melt. The vast forms of wildlife in the Arctic will inevitably suffer due to this. Natural resources will eventually run out and when this happens, we will turn to nature for assistance. At that point, mankind will come to realize that nature does not have anything left to give us. The majority of the proof points to man-made CO2 being the reason for global warming. I believe that if mankind does not reduce the emission of CO2, the world will finally reach its limit and humanity will be left in a fragile situation with minimal resources. I thank you for listening to my outlook of the situation and look forward to hearing from you in due course.

Essay --

The movie, The Color Purple, may be verging on one of my favorite movies of all time. When I watch it my eyes are literally glued to the screen. It has made me cry and laugh and love and so many more emotions that I can’t even cry. I was literally so scared of scenes that I jumped off my seat and onto the floor. The movie starts out with a girl who gives birth to her second child. Her stepfather is the father of the child meaning he raped her not only once but twice. She is only fourteen during these years and she is only fourteen when she gets married to a man who remain nameless and he also rapes her and beats her. Throughout the story, you learn from Celie herself who says when talking to her good friend Shug Avery, â€Å"He beats me because I am not you.† (Celie, The Color Purple). He then takes her sister away from her and she does not get to have contact with her sister again for an incredibly long time. However, even though the story starts out so sad it does get better after the Ceile is and adult and she meets Sophia. Sophia is Harpo’s soon to be wife. Harpo is Mr. ‘s son. Harpo and Sophia love each other very much, but they end up drifting apart and then Shug Avery comes into Celie’s life and changes it very much. She teaches Ceile a ton of things and she is the woman who inspires Ceile to stand up for herself. There are three scenes in The Color Purple directed by Stephen Spielberg that are my absolute favorite. In the movie, The Color Purple, Ceile finally is told that she is something special from listening to a song. In this scene, Shug Avery is performing for a crowd at their local bar. After her first song ends, she then tells the crowd what her next song is about. It is dedicated to none other than Mis... ... Celie is enjoying the action and does not want to leave, but has to when Shug pulls her away because things are getting dangerous. Celie gets in one more sneak peek of all the action, but does not see much before she is dragged away again. I do not mean to pick the scenes that were happier than others as my favorites. I did enjoy all of the other deep meaning scenes as well, but it is more difficult to write through tears. Personally, I think a movie about women empowerment is inspiring beyond anything else. Especially a movie where its starts off so sad and the narrator talks with such despair and hopelessness and turns all that into success and happiness by the end. The Color Purple brings out so many emotions in everybody that when watching, you just cannot believe. There is never a boring point in this movie because all of it comes together at the end.

Martin Eden Summary

Martin Eden is a 21-year-old sailor, as a result of an accidental opportunity, he meets Ruth, falls in love with her, and with her family, her life. In order to match Ruth he works hard. He reads a plethora of books. Ruth helps him to study writing. Martin writes 40 drafts circling unceasingly throughout in various magazine company. He doesn't understand why his own works aren't accepted, but these have a liking for the spiritless thing always. He looks for Ruth, reads his work to her, asks her to judge. Ruth does not appreciate his work either. After is repeatedly defeated but he still persists to write. Gradually Ruth is losing the confidence to him, but Martin still attacks her and the people of the upper level of society. Martin sees Ruth and her family clearly. Once, they participates in the time which the socialist party person assembles by a tabloid reporter confusedly is interpolated in the report, becomes the anarchism leader, encounters the isolation and besieges. Ruth leaves Martin then. The only real friend of Martin, Brissenden, is dead now. At this time, a huge change happens in his life that the publication magazine starts to use his work actually. The publishing house in order to his reputation has also accepted he all sorts of harsh requests, he became the famous writer. He can’t understand that these works all are already finish, they haven't been changed as well as Martin himself. Why does everybody flatter him today? Finally, Ruth comes back. But Martin is completely discouraged. He is so disappointed that he tells her he doesn't want to see her any more. He no longer writes a character. He leaves all his money to his sister and his laundry room partner Egypt. Then he goes on a ship and jumps into the sea.

Holocaust Sociology

Gevorg Petrosyan Professor Wonser Intro to Sociology 23 June 2012 Final Project, Assignment 2: Nazi Germany and Holocaust The Holocaust was the genocide of around six million European Jews during World War II. (Holocaust History) Nazi Germany led by Adolf Hitler had targeted every single Jew to be perished. Unfortunately Nazi Germany succeeded to murder two-thirds of the nine million Jews who were stationed in Europe. (Holocaust History) The Holocaust can be viewed at in many sociological perspectives of the sociologists mind. Adolf Hitler used everything in his power to exterminate any non-German ethnic that lived in Germany. Hitler) Authority played a key point in the Holocaust against the Jews. The following are the many perspectives of this horrific act against humanity. One of the main sociological perspectives that fall into Nazi Germany and how Holocaust was looked at was social stratification. The Aryan race was supreme; anybody else was lower then they. (Nazi SS) Jews, homos exuals, handicapped, prisoners of war, and minority groups were all prosecuted. As talked about in lecture, Max Weber’s theory of social class portrayed Adolf Hitler’s wealth, power, and prestige. Hitler used these components to his advantage and started an empire.Brainwashing Germans to hate and murder humans that are not in their â€Å"social class†, as said the Aryan race. Social class and inequality played a big role for the non-Aryan. Everything was stripped away from them such as cars, money, children, clothes, food, and eventually their hope. The people of culture of poverty had strong feeling of not belonging, helplessness, no faith, and all hope was gone. Jews and others were treated as aliens or non-humans. Adolf Hitler was a functionalist in my point of view because in that way he would think social stratification was both natural and beneficial to society.He promoted deviance in the way of the labeling theory. If you are not Aryan or German you are n ot welcome and also considered as a threat. (Nazi SS) In that case you are labeled through judgment and that changes the way others respond to you. Another labeling theory in the Holocaust was the yellow Star of David patch. This patch often put against right side of the chest, implemented and labeled the person as a â€Å"Jude†. Nazi persecutions used this to label to their prosecutors in an organized way. (Nazi SS) With this patch you had implanted in your mind that you are going to die.It was intended to be the badge of shame and now the public knew you as a Jew. The Jude community was treated like dogs; they were given a name and badge similar to dog tag or collar, and looked upon as animals. Erving Goffman’s term of stigma was given to the Jewish because of their social attribute. Nazi Germany used all three types of stigma in their society such as physical for the impaired or handicapped, moral for mentally challenged, and tribal for Jewish and other non-Aryan or German. The Erving Goffman’s term of stigma was lectured in class. Nazi Germany was big in-group created by Adolf Hitler.They felt loyalty and brotherhood towards each other. Anyone besides them was a major out-group, such as the Jews. The rivalry and hatred they had for the Jews was a usual thing by other fellow Nazi. Such a big in-group had and influence on any Nazi to believe what they were doing is right. Group cohesion strongly powered the Nazi for the loyalty and solidarity. All the members felt strongly tied to each other as family in a way. Any one else was not like them and was to be treated differently. Adolf Hitler’s social influence was the image to all Nazi.His social influence gave them their individual attitudes and behaviors towards others. This became ideal for a dictator, because the group norms made the members want to gain acceptance to their own country. Any negative sanctions were looked down upon and so Germans followed one after another into ag reement. Weber’s idea of charismatic authority fell into the category of Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler served in the army and soon enough became known as the â€Å"Furher† of Germany. (Hitler 1) Hitler’s demanding voice and humorless speeches dominated audiences.He had all the qualities of a leader from the minute he was born. He didn’t like taking orders from his own strict father. (Hitler 1) Hitler also had many bureaucracies under him, such as the SS. The Schutzstaffel translated to Protection Squad was responsible for many of the crimes towards humanity during World War II. Heinrich Himmler was in charge of a vast bureaucratic empire. He was responsible for the SS, as well as the municipal police. (Nazi SS 4) The SS was feared amongst all Jews because of their deadly rules and punishments.These bureaucracies were so useful to the empire because they ran all the operations needed for power. Hitler used them to keep order and organization between the count ry, plus not to get his hands dirty. The Nazi Empire and Holocaust was made up of many total institutions. First one would be the military; Hitler knew he had to get the military on his side and soon will obey any command. Soon the military had a mortification of self in which they were brainwashed to dehumanize Jews. They were taught to have â€Å"racially pure† Germany and life. (Chronicle 2) The Holocaust wasn't carried out by crazy or unusually violent people.The SS deliberately tried to ensure that those responsible for the actual killings were not especially eager, or emotional. They wanted the task to be as business-like and impersonal as possible. (Nazi SS 4) People stop worrying about what the ‘right' thing to do is because the right thing is always to do what you're told, and that was because of discipline and authority. Another total institution would be the death camps or also known as concentration camps. Which norms or laws were among the prisoners society ? The prisoners had a whole new social life.Resocialization took an impact on them to which fighting for survival was needed and communications between prisoners and officers. Some type of achieved status controlled the whole environment of the prisoners and changed their outlook on life, which soon enough became a mortification of self. Prisoners under hunger, extreme working conditions, and terror of death mortified one to go toe extreme lengths of survival by obeying every rule given or going slowly insane to the point of no return. (Chronicle 2) One of the most disastrous theories for the Holocaust would be dehumanization.What people failed to realize why the Holocaust happened was because what the people were enabling each other to do. (Holocaust History 3) All they did was gather statistics and data and didn’t realize that it was human beings for those stats. The order is different from the act because the person who gave the order doesn’t interpret in their head what kind of order they just gave and the action part of it. The generals and Nazi didn’t focus on the fact that they were committing mass murder to a great amount of human beings with families and connections.There actions weren’t â€Å"bad† at the time so no problem in doing it but when later on in life they realize what they’ve done is very different outlook. The Holocaust would have been impossible without the advancements of modern society. The slaughtering of Jews and other was just like a factory but instead of producing goods, it was producing death. Without modern industrialization and technology they would have never killed mass amounts of people that fast. Gas chambers, trains importing prisoners, concentration camps, not much food source for prisoners, and workload were all components to modern society. Chronicle 3) This is what moved the genocide to speed up its movement of extermination. Letting Adolf Hitler get to his achieved status broug ht up to Holocaust idea. Without letting him get to this status of â€Å"Furher†. He would not turn a great country into a mass murdering empire of bureaucracies. His speeches, authority, leadership skills, and discipline is what made the Nazi Empire what it was. His authority and discipline is what made the soldiers make the choice they made. Why did Hitler target the Jews mostly?Why not another race? He blamed Jews for everything that happened within the country such as lost of World War I, and for the Great Depression. (Hitler 1) He also hated Jews because he regarded them as mostly Communist. (Hitler 1) Society killed the Jews because of their statuses and way of life. Jews were the most significantly affected by the Holocaust but others were targeted too. These included political opponents, soviet prisoners of war, communists, homosexuals, mentally challenged, non-Aryan, and gypsies. Holocaust History 3) They labeled it as â€Å"people that were killed in Holocaust† and didn’t seem to realize how it affected those peoples families and friendships. To this day Jews still mourn over the six million that died. Germany also takes in the guilt of what their country has done in the past. The Holocaust affected such large numbers and was one of the most mass killing genocides. It is taught all around the world in textbooks and classes. Society revolves under it because now Jews are looked at differently even if they deny someone doesn’t.

Writer’s choise Essay Example

Writer’s choise Essay Example Writer’s choise Essay Writer’s choise Essay Name: Course: Institution: Date: Case 17: Question one: The basic force behind Sunny Hwang’s idea of expanding his business to the international level was to search for how he could manufacture goods in the most cost-effective way. This reason is based on his decision of doing business in China, where he discovered it as being much cheaper. For example, China is featured by inexpensive labor and raw materials in the aspect of manufacturing in a most businesses and industries. The idea of investing his business in China was not a good idea because of having a slight advantage and a heavy disadvantage at the same time. For example, although the materials were readily cheap and available, they ran out of good quality. As a result, the business would not have survived if it only relied on the advantage of meeting cheap costs. Hwang’s business could have succeeded if he conducted extensive research on various international markets. This would have enabled him to consider investing in other countries besides China including Thailand and Japan. For example, the Thailand market holds a large share of the market within the Asian Continent. Question two The first strategy of Hwang involved making deals with a local Chinese businessperson who had also made a move in ensuring quality of his goods through employing supervisors to inspect his products. However, the strategy was not the best since his business needs were unable to be met. The next strategy involved Hwang taking the huge responsibility of taking over his company. However, he decided to get assistance from one of his relatives in running the business who acquired skills from the training he went through in the United States which related to the task he was assigned. This strategy was better because he got assistance from a person he knew and trusted in a greater way. Therefore, the former strategy was not as effective because he did not conduct extensive research on the people he was dealing with. He made a rash decision in trusting the local Chinese tradesmen before learning on how they conducted their business. Question three One of the opportunities that the U.S firms could evaluate from China is on employees. For example, if the Salary of twenty laborers in China could sum up to what one worker earns in the United States, this could be an advantageous opportunity. Businesses in the United States who hire Chinese workers would end up earning more than other firms earn because expenses used in wage payment would decrease as the productivity in labor increases. Another opportunity would be investing while using efficient and reasonable costs. For example, if the cost of rent is cheaper in China when compared to the United States, this would bring a greater deal for American businesses investing in China and they would gain a significant opportunity based on cutting the costs of capital involving reduced expenses on land. Some of the features found in China that would be ideal for minimal businesses include the availability of adequate resources including raw materials and labor force at an affordable cost. Question four One of the challenges that Hwang experienced when investing his business in China was having difficulties while ensuring high quality in the production of goods. Although affordability is associated with the access of adequate resources, the value of the commodities produced is low. Other problems that can be faced by American investors when conducting their businesses in China include language barrier, cultural indifferences, lack of a stabilized establishment of the market due to unfamiliarity of the surrounding. Case 21: Question five One of the basic precautions that Fox would have considered in minimizing the level of property damage caused involves the installation of certain protection equipment. For example, installing an emergency system of alarms would have enabled the organization in being alerted at a quicker rate about the incident and hence recover more of its property. Fox would also have taken the precautionary step of inspecting the electrical system. The fault in the electrical structure of the plant would probably have been spotted earlier if it underwent regular inspection. As a result, the company would have been saved from suffering such a tragic loss and hence escape the trouble of bearing greater expense consequences.

Religious Private Schools

Religious Private Schools As you browse private school profiles, you will usually see a school’s religious affiliation listed within the description. While not all  private schools  have religious affiliations, many do, and many families have questions about these private institutions. What is a nonsectarian or non-denominational  school? In the private school world, you may see schools listed as nonsectarian or nons include schools like  The Hotchkiss School  and  Annie Wright School. The  opposite of a nonsectarian school  is a sectarian school. These schools will describe their religious affiliations as Roman Catholic, Baptist, Jewish, and so on. Examples of sectarian schools include  Kent School  and  Georgetown Prep  which respectively are  Episcopal  and  Roman Catholic  schools. What is a religious private school? A religious private school is simply a school that identifies with a specific religious group, such as Catholic, Jewish, Protestant, or Episcopal. Often these schools have curricula that include teachings of that faith in addition to a traditional curriculum, something that is often referred to as a dual curriculum. These schools are usually independently funded, meaning they depend on tuition dollars and/or fundraising efforts to operate. What is a parochial school? Most people associate the term  parochial school with Catholic school. In general, parochial schools are usually private schools that receive financial support from a particular church or parish, meaning the funding of a parochial school primarily comes from the church, not tuition dollars. These schools are sometimes referred to as church schools by the Catholic faith. They are closely connected to the church itself  and do not stand alone. Are all religious private schools considered parochial schools? No, they are not. Parochial schools are usually funded by the religious organization with which they are associated. For many, parochial typically connotes Catholic schools, but there are many religious private schools of other faiths, such as Jewish, Lutheran, and others. There are many religious private schools that are independently funded and do not receive funding from a particular church or other religious site. These are tuition driven. So, what is the difference between a parochial school and a private religious school? The biggest difference between a parochial school and a private religious school is money. Since private religious schools do not receive funding from a religious institution, instead  relying on tuition dollars and fundraising to operate, these schools often carry higher tuition rates than their parochial counterparts. While many parochial schools carry lower tuition rates, it is important to remember that many private schools, including both religious and nonsectarian schools, offer financial aid to qualified families who cannot afford tuition.   Can you attend a school affiliated with a religion other than yours? This answer will vary from school to school, but often the answer is an enthusiastic, yes!  Many religious schools  believe that educating others about their religion is important, regardless of the student’s own personal beliefs. As such, most institutions accept, and even welcome, applications from students of all faiths and beliefs. For some families, it is important for the student to attend a school that is affiliated with the same religion. Yet, there are many families who enjoy sending their children to  religious schools  regardless if the families have the same religious beliefs. An example of this is  Milken Community Schools  in Los Angeles, California. One of the largest Jewish schools in the country, Milken, which serves students in grades 7-12, is known for enrolling students of all faiths, but it has certain requirements for Jewish studies for all students. Why should I consider sending my child to a religious school? Religious schools are often known for the values they instill in children, and many families find this comforting. Religious schools are usually known for their ability to embrace differences and promote tolerance and acceptance, as well as teach the lessons of their faith. This can be an interesting learning experience for a student who is not familiar with a particular religion. Many schools require that the students participate in the religious customs of the school, including attending classes and/or religious services, activities and learning opportunities, which can help students become more comfortable in unfamiliar situations.

Response to the Discussion by Tamika Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response to the Discussion by Tamika - Case Study Example It is essential to develop trust and partnership with the wife of the patient for strengthening and supporting that family through expected and unexpected life events. Therefore, it is important to help Maureen in supporting the interest of the family and she should be given the right guidelines regarding cancer communication. "The family is a significant factor in the health and well-being of individuals, and promotion, maintenance, and restoration of families are important to society's survival." (Registered Nurses Association of Ontario, 2006). Thus, as a nursing practitioner, I would help the wife of the patient to understand the relevance of effective cancer communication and I will collaborate with her in determining the most impeccable resolution regarding this communication. I will convince Maureen not to rush to any futile conclusions and that we will support her in every possible way to offer the best solution to the issue. Thus, after the collaborative discussions and eval uations of the possible courses of actions and their consequences, I will help Maureen to take the right decision regarding the information being withheld from her husband. In her discussion of the specific case provided, Tamika makes some essential points regarding effective cancer communication to the patient and the issues related. At the very start of the discussion, Tamika mentions the possibility of the errors in the decision of Maureen to withhold the information from the patient, while she accepts the situations leading to the wife’s decision.  Ã‚  

Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Science - Essay Example First and foremost, wind energy can be used to generate electrical energy. On the same point, this mode of production of energy is hugely dependent on the availability of wind since this is the means by which the turbines can rotate thus providing electrical energy. Notably, wind energy can produce a minimal amount of energy as compared to the water and solar energy. In addition to that, it is worth noting that this particular method of production off energy is not commonly used due to the simple fact that the amount of energy produced as compared to the amount of resources allocated to the purpose, the amount of resources allocated surpasses the amount of energy produced thus is viewed as a non-profitable adventure. Moreover, the other factor that has contributed to make this mode of production not common is the fact that it is expensive. On that note, in terms of man power and resources allocated for instance the setting up of a windmill and the appropriate machinery to support the exercise is expensive to purchase. In addition to that, it is worth noting that this form of production of the energy cannot be used as a steady source of energy. Apparently, since this form is hugely dependent on the weather conditions, that is wind to be precise which is hugely unreliable thus it is an unreliable source of energy. However, this form of production of energy can be used for small scale uses, in other words,house to house as opposed to industrial application since this form of business requires a huge amount energy available every time. Notably, research has showed that the amount of power produced is minimal as compared to the demand level for the commodity thus there is the need produce more form other methods of creation of energy. Consequently, the wind power can be generated for domestic purpose, in simple terms, house to house

Classroom Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Classroom Scenario - Essay Example Mr. Hamilton should meet with Danny’s parents and inform them what role they can play in improving Danny’s academic performance. This includes monitoring Danny’s activities at home, providing Danny with a proper place to focus his attention, and linking timely completed homework with rewards. It is vital that Danny’s parents adopt the same approach that Mr. Hamilton has adopted i.e. praising Danny at the display of good performance, and look disappointed at poor performance and yet, encourage him to do better next time rather than scold him. The monitoring system that can help determine the effectiveness of the instructional interventions should comprise both behavioral assessment and performance assessment. â€Å"Prereferral intervention strategies are generally determined by a committee of general education teachers before any specialists are included in the plan† (D’Amico and Gallaway, 2008, p. 4). For optimal performance, it is imperative that Danny feels satisfied and happy with the monitoring system. One way to achieve this is by gauging what intervention strategies Danny feels comfortable with. Instructional interventions can also be established by way of mutual consensus between Mr. Hamilton, Danny, and Danny’s

E Commerce On Marketing Strategy Of Hotel Industry Marketing Essay

E Commerce On Marketing Strategy Of Hotel Industry Marketing Essay E-commerce is defined as the complete set of process that supports business activities in 1970s and 1980s; this would also have involved information analysis. The growth and acceptance of credit cards, automated teller machine (ATM) and telephone banking in 1980s were also forms of e commerce. The web first become well known among general public in 1994 and it took four years for security protocols (like HTTPS) to become sufficient developed and widely deployed. E commerce starts its relations with hotel in twenty first century, which was very different and complex than before. This way of business attract the hotel also for upgrading their business and here the marketing strategies of hotel industry become changed. Direct link with the customers through e commerce gave ideas to the hotel industry to change the customers expectations like when, how they want their needs and what is the budget of the customers for their product (rooms). The usual expectation of the hotels is that e co mmerce promotes friction-free-capitalism (CF. [Gates 1995]), with distribution cost reduced. It is easy to see that how this can happen, as the older communication system such as the post office, telegraph, telephone and the fax have all served but the cheapest, easiest, and time reduction way for the hotel revenue is e commerce. Many hotels have registration and payment done online. By the e commerce a customer can select the hotel, days and type of rooms from those automatically listed as available. Also hotels can order their supplies from companies that have e commerce services available. It also help the customers to choose their needs without thinking of time duration weather it is day or night at anytime. (www.school-for-champions.com) Although we all would likely agree that a balanced distribution strategy, which leverages both direct and indirect channels, including third-party sites and the GDS, is the best solution to optimize hotel revenue, if we will focus on the advantages of direct distribution. Specifically, we will look at how direct distribution is empowering hotels like never before to drive demand, generate profitable business, and maximize ROI for owners, regardless of the affiliation they may choose. Here is just one example of the power of the Internet to level the playing field across hotels of all types. What do the Royal Crown, Sofitel Brussels, Hotel Amigo and Hotel Metro pole have in common? They are luxury properties. They are located here in Brussels. They have different brand promises to their guests. They include an independent, a branded property, and representation company hotel. What they all have in common is that each of these hotels is placed on page 1 of Googles search results when s earching for Brussels luxury hotel. They are on the first page of a popular European OTA, Lastminute.com. And they are listed as a preferred placement on the GDS. (www.hospitalitynet.org) So, the Internet is an equalizer. Hotels can compete at previously unattainable levels. Now, no matter what the distribution strategy or marketing affiliation, hotels can compete effectively across all distribution channels. What this new playing field has done is give control for all channels of distribution back to hotels. In the excitement over the Internet as a new distribution tool, hotels unintentionally relinquished too much control of their bookings to third parties. With direct distribution, hotels can take back control of their pricing, their brand identity, their promise to guests, and their relationship with the customer. Most importantly, direct distribution allows hotels to take back control of profitability. To understand where the marketing strategy is leading in hotel industry by e commerce there is an example. In yesterdays model, hotels entrusted others to do their bookings. In Europes fragmented hotel industry there is not any coordinated effort for its distribution. Here, the mostly independent and small hotels are less than 30 percent represented in the Global Distribution Systems. The travel agents and tour operators were the lifeline to most hotels. In this model, the consumer had to use the travel agent and tour operators access to hotel information to make informed decisions, as there was little information available directly to the consumers. For those that did decide to expand their reach through electronic distribution systems, the Global Distribution Systems were the only alternative. In this model, the Brands provided the much-needed visibility. It gave hotels an identity, a way to be recognized. For the consumer, the Brand delivered a level of comfort. It was a pledge to the customer to deliver THE SAME as they traveled to unfamiliar territory. There were no travel- blogs or other review sites. In yesterdays model, the stars system was THE hotel review system that proved the level of Quality. Some hotels did see the Web as an opportunity to present their selves online, displaying information pages about their hotel, more like an online brochure than an e-commerce site. This while some Travel agents did embrace e-commerce and ingeniously moved their models online with dramatically increased inventories, promising mass volume, but at the cost of profitability for hotels. (www.hospitalityebusiness.com) Things are changing as it is mentioned before and it is crucial for hotels to stay abreast of the market. If they dont, their long-term success might be jeopardized by increasing and intensified competition. Hotels who do not diversify by leveraging the multiple channels can find themselves in situations that parallel the 70s in Spain, where tour operators dictated the room rates. The Center for Regional and Tourism Research reported that in Europe online hotel room sales increased by as much as 34 percent from 2004 to 2005 and reached over 25 billion in Europe in 2005. A further increase of about 25 percent during 2006 is expected. 120 million consumers are online across Germany, the UK, Italy, France, and Spain, according to Forrester Research. Broadband has become widely available, and prices have dropped dramatically. Phocus Wright statistics released last days predict that almost 40% of hotel booking in Europe will be booked online by 2008. Forrester, also points out that TWO of the TOP THREE most popular online activities for all users are travel related-researching hotel for holiday destinations and preparing booking online. (www.hospitalitynet.org) These changes cannot be ignored. Consumer behavior is changing and hotels need to adapt their relationships to reflect these changes, or be left behind. If we will focus we can say the e-commerce does appear to be leveling the playing field, and its transparency seems to be dictating the need for new distribution models. Now Why would a hotel encourage its customers to buy via the intermediary for less when it means even less yield for them? The Intercontinental Hotel Group, who was among the first to implement Best Rate Guarantees, even went so far as to implement a code of conduct and certification program for partner intermediaries. The hotel group eventually withdrew its inventory from Expedia and Hotels.com. Not surprisingly, then, we see why many hotels are moving to a consistent online pricing policy a nd have made their own web site top priority. In 2005, European direct travel suppliers booked almost TWICE as much business as the intermediaries with 66% of travel sales. (www.hospitalitynet.org) The Internets capabilities have matured to the point that it really is changing the way they do business. And so a new direct distribution model has emerged. This change in the online marketplace is not only changing how consumers shop, it is influencing what they shop for. Lets see what this means to competition for a couple sample markets. In London, where all parties are growing, independent hotels have had a growth of 21.3 percent, leading to revenue growth of 19.2 percent-well above the market average. Independents have been able to increase their ADR by 2 percent year-over-year, which has allowed them to see increases in revenue of nearly 20 percent. Reservations also grew for this segment, illustrating that independents can command the high price for the business. Independent hotels are also making gains in Paris. Independents saw an increase in bookings of 12.7 percent, leading to revenue growth of almost 10 percent. They are also seeing some other interesting trends in the Paris market. Independent hotels are commanding a $100 premium on their ADR as compared to the branded hotels in this market. While independents have taken small increases year-over-year to maintain this high ADR, branded hotels maintained their year-over-year ADR and experienced a loss in bookings and revenue. This data, from Travel CLICKs pr oprietary database, shows that independents can in fact compete with the brands today. (www.hospitalityebusiness.com) Indeed hotels have many choices. The choice of direct or indirect distribution is often related to brand affiliation and many times they go hand in hand. It is a business decision whether to go independent or fly a brand flag a decision that includes distribution capability, marketing, management expertise, and more that all together translate into a ROI. Recently, The Righa Royale, The Greenbrier, Grand American, and Grand Bohemian Hotel are just a few of the hotels that have left brand affiliations to go solo. Now the de-branding phenomenon is making its way to Europe. For example, here in Brussels, the Royal Crown Hotel recently de-branded. A brand is the product of experiences and is much more than a name or a logo. A brand is a pledge to consumers to deliver consistency in an effort to meet expectations. (www.hospitalityebusiness.com) Franchise/management company fees do, however, represent one of the largest operating expenses for branded hotels. When we look at the average GDS fees, we come to a sample reservation cost of $25; the average OTA reservation cost is $33. And a direct booking through Web site will cost only $7.50 in this scenario. These high fees can be over 10% of room revenue, which is as significant as having a  ¼ share partner! (www.hospitalitynet.org) Again, we come to the same conclusion. With a level playing field, direct distribution will yield hotels higher profits than third-party bookings. In the new model, every customer counts. It should be no surprise that positive consumer reviews have helped increases sales on Amazon.com and eBay for years and now are doing the same for Travel city, Expedia, and Sheraton. Today there are Central Reservation Systems and enhanced web booking engines that help hotels merchandise and differentiate their properties. New content management solutions help manage and distribute rich digital content including photos, video, room plans, and other brand-defining elements that need consistency across all channels. Today channel management solutions can quickly and easily manage the ever-increasing number of channels including GDS and OTA Web sites through a single user interface. All this, together with real time market based Competitive Intelligence, makes hoteliers informed and in charge of their distribution. In fact, those who have taken control of their destiny are being rewarded with higher revenues. Now that everything is so connected there is consistent 2-way communication. A wealth of market intelligence enables hoteliers to make even more informed decisions on their distribution and marketing strategies. And CRM-like applications keep hotels in touch wi th their most important assets their customers. Another way of e-commerce is Search engine marketing, which is an essential component of the hotel direct online distribution strategy. Almost 85 percent of Internet users rely on search engines such as Google, Yahoo and MSN to locate relevant information on the Web. Marketing is an extremely dynamic field. Search algorithms change, new search techniques and formats are introduced, new search services are launched, and new challenges emerge daily those keep search marketers busy. The result of web traffic affects a lot on those hotels, which are on the first page. Approximately 50 percent of people on the first page went to the second page and so on. Which affects the hotel and its marketing strategy off course. So the conclusion drawn from above is that competing on the search engines by appearing as early and as often as possible is of increasing importance. How a Web site achieves top position is not simply an adjustment of the Web page, but a concerted effort that requires time, expertise, and resources in Web site optimization and search marketing. Now another mode of attraction for the customers are how the web page of the hotel is made up have like how attractive is it and how much is it easier for a customer to search any information related to their need? If we will see in past there is an example, which can make it easier to understand. In a highly competitive northern California market, a boutique hotel needed to outsmart its competition and boost ADRs, revenues and occupancy rates. Internet distribution and marketing strategy developed from scratch. Actions: HeBS launched an aggressive Direct Online Distribution and Marketing Strategy for the hotel, including an award winning des igned Web site, email marketing, search marketing and link popularity strategies. Results: Within 12 months the hotel opt-in e-mail list grew from practically zero to more than 10,000 recipients. The website ranks in top positions on all major search engines for most popular keyword terms. The hotel website, supported by powerful email, search marketing, link creation and online sponsorship campaigns has indeed become the first point of contact with customers and over 50% of hotel bookings come via the hotel website.( www.hospitalityimpact.com) Many hotel sites are performing poorly as far as online distribution and search engine strategy are concerned. Why? Many hotel sites have been developed by Web designers who know nothing about the hospitality industry, based on input and concepts by hoteliers who are not experts on Internet strategy, online distribution, and E-Marketing. And many of them were designed as online brochures without taking into account principles in fundamental search engine marketing and online distribution. Such hotel sites inevitably produce poor results and few bookings. Strong search engine rankings require systematic, ongoing Web site optimization. Only a fully optimized site developed according to the best practices in online distribution and marketing can produce robust revenues, top search engine rankings, and position your hotel company ahead of the competition. Website optimization takes a comprehensive look at the Web site and prepares it for its best performance maximum user experience, book ability and conversion rates and yes, the search engines.

The Butterfly Effect :: Personal Narrative Essays

The Butterfly Effect If you hold a piece of string between your hands you have an "end" in each hand, but in more ways than one each end can also be called a beginning: The beginning of the string, the beginning of the transition from string to hand, or the beginning of the transition from string to air. Quantum physics has taught us that nothing is absolutely any one thing. The string--be it nylon, hemp, or cotton--has electrons, and those electrons, busy critters, move, flux, and orbit, constantly redefining the space of that piece of string. The electrons of your hand, too, constantly shape and reshape your "personal space" by their activity. In the resultant intermingling of the subatomic parts of your body and the string you become, to some extent, an extension of that piece of string and it becomes a part of you. Astronomers speak of a similar idea called "The Mediocrity Principle." This idea says that, at this time, the view of the universe from earth is no better or no worse than from anywhere else in the universe. As Chet Raymo says in his book The Virgin and the Mousetrap: "We're cosmically mediocre." But because the universe continues to expand, there must have been a time when it began to expand. Though with today's technology they have no way of knowing when exactly this occurred, astronomers have formed a hypothetical idea called zero time. Even this, zero time, is not the beginning of the universe, however; that's just when it began to take its current shape. You can trace the evolution of a loaf of bread back to when it was just a lump of ingredients, and you can trace it to a time when the ingredients came together, but even beyond that all the ingredients were still there; they just hadn't come together yet. Cosmologists differ on what they think the universe was before the ingred ients came together or how they got there in the first place, but even the strictest of evolutionists believe in the literal truth of at least one bible passage: Ecclesiastes 1:9: "That which hath been is that which shall be; and that which hath been done is that which will be done: and there is nothing new under the sun." For the past twenty-five years or so Chaos Theory has been one of the hottest, most interesting fields of scientific study.

Modern and Traditional Families

Have modern families changed over the past few generations, or have people remained the same in playing each of their own leading gender role responsibilities in modern families? Some statistics show that times have now changed in spite of the man’s perception of women being stay at home mothers to their children. In addition, women can also be the breadwinner in their families rather than the father going to work. In fact, traditional families in contrast with modern families have exponentially changed as time has passed.To better understand the context of this paper I will discuss the differences and similarities between modern and traditional mothers. In my opinion I believe there are three key important responsibilities in a traditional and modern family childcare, education, and healthcare. In addition, there are various things to consider when taking care of child. For example, in the article of â€Å"The Men We Carry in our Minds,† by Russell Sanders, realizes as a young lad that hard working men like his father would have to go to work leaving his mother to stay at home and take care of young Russell.Secondly, in the story Russell talks about men and realizes that men can sometimes be overbearing and view power, competency, efficiency and achievement more importantly (Sanders, R. 1984). To cite another example, in early human history women were frowned upon to tend to their kids because of the high death rate which consequently led mothers to take the task of nurturing their children at home. (Henslin, J. M. 2009). In contrast, there are some moderate differences between modern and traditional mothers in childcare and education.Even though, we live in a modern time there has been a 16% percent increase in traditional mothers still taking care of their children. In addition, studies done in a class group together found that younger parents, as opposed to older parents, were placed in the 73 percent and placing traditional mothers at 86 perc ent. On the other hand, educating a child is equally important so the parents must decide how they will educate their children; in traditional families it is usually the mother who tends to educate the children.For example, one of the parents  may feel more strongly about supervision, discipline, and education to the child, In particular, the same cannot be said about modern parents. In fact, the reason being is because there has been a 13% percent decrease in modern mother taking care of their children because of work related problems. (See Appendix, in Figure 1). Furthermore, healthcare is another major form of responsibility for the mothers. In most households it is usually the mothers that are left behind to fend for their child throughout the first forty days of the baby being born.Moreover, this may sometimes abrupt verbal disputes, misunderstandings, and communication problems about how they want to raise their child. In Addition, one of the parents may feel stronger about the habits and health of the child. (Neuman. F, 2013). In the same way, modern mothers are taking the leading role in taking care of the child’s health. In comparison, between modern and traditional mothers people are still see a declining percentage in modern parents in regards to caregiving and healthcare. So people can conclude that there are some negative changes in modern families even though women still tend to the children.There are two more additional factors in a household that must be decided when it comes to providing for the family. This leads to the second question in the matter of who will work, and who will be in charge of balancing the books as well as paying the bills. Modern and traditional mothers have always had the capability of working, paying bills, and balance check books, but because of the plain definition and meaning of the word â€Å"gender† has some biological adherence, and has resulted in mothers being socially deemed incapable. (Henslin, J. M. 2009) Whereas today, modern mothers are now less likely to be stay at home mothers.In contrast, modern mothers today, rather than traditional, have drastically changed and can now multitask just as well as fathers. For example, mothers today can now pay bills, work, and balance check books without the help of the father. In fact, people are now seeing mothers today playing the role of the breadwinner a lot more. Lastly, families are still seeing traditional and modern mother cleaning and doing most of the household duties around the house. Modern and traditional families are now noticing a slight differential change in mother helping outside of the home.Although, there has been a small change in modern and traditional mother helping their families outside of the home. For instance, cutting the grass, or fixing the fence, and repairing things around the house. As a result, mothers today are more open to the meaning of household duties. In conclusion, to the discussion presente d in this paper people can conclude that traditional mothers in comparison with modern mothers today have a higher percentage rate in childcare, wage earnings, and household duties rather than modern mother.All in all, I truly believe that it is very important for families to have equality in order to have functional family. In addition, I still believe men should strive to do more for their other half’s. In my opinion there has been a greater significant change over the past generations in mothers, Ultimately, it seems that modern families have relatively remained the same, and traditional families have continuously increased over the past generations.

Creative writing – Birth

Steve sat next to Tim with a small, permanent grin on his face. His life was finally back on track. Three months and he had managed to stay clean. It was a real achievement, something to be proud of. Not to mention the fact that he was waiting for his fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½e to give birth to his first child. If he wasn't so thrilled with himself, Steven might have noticed that there had been no communication with any of his girlfriend's doctors of midwives for at least two hours. It wasn't something you paid attention to when you were glowing with joy at your own accomplishments. Steve and Katie's friend Tim, however, was not drunk on his own pride. He had noticed that the sun was rapidly setting, and the new addition to the Davies family hadn't yet made their grand-entrance to the world. The pair were not left on their own for much longer, however. A solemn-looking doctor flung the swinging doors at the other end of the corridor open infront of him and, in giant strides, approached the pair hurriedly. He was clutching a brown clipboard in his hand, his knuckles white and his brow furrowed. â€Å"Mr. Davies?† The doctor stopped infront of Steve and took a step back, inviting him to stand. â€Å"Yes,† admitted Steve with a smile, â€Å"what's the news?† The doctor clenched his jaw and wiped the back of his hand across his forehead. â€Å"I'm afraid it's not good.† At this point Tim's eyes widened. The grin hadn't left Steven's face yet, and he stood with one hand on his hip. Met with a wall of silence the doctor, though unnerved, carried on with his explanation. â€Å"I'm afraid your partner has abnormally high blood pressure and, at this moment, we cannot assure her or your child's lives.† Steven's face fell slowly, and he slumped back into his seat, burying his head in his hands. â€Å"I'm sorry,† garbled the doctor, â€Å"you will be informed of any developments†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He turned on his heel and briskly strode for the double-doors. Tim stood up and put a hand on his best friend's shoulder reassuringly. â€Å"Don't worry, Steve†¦ They always say that. Get you expecting the worse, y'know? Katie and the baby will be just fine, trust me.† He looked down at his friend's head. His dark hair had matted as a result of Steve's nervous sweating. â€Å"Look†¦Ã¢â‚¬  began Tim, scratching the back of his neck uneasily, â€Å"I'll go and get us both a coffee. I'll get you a magazine, if you like?† He bent to Steve's level. â€Å"Mmm, sure.† Came the husky reply. â€Å"Okay†¦ I'll be back in five minutes. Chin up, Steven.† Tim flashed a weak grin as he too disappeared through the double doors. It took Steve twenty seconds to work out what he was going to do. His coat wrapped around him, collar covering up most of his face, Steve stalked along a dark road on a familiar course. In the cold night air his tears froze on his face. He had counted how many alleys he has passed. He pivoted on his heel at the entrance to the sixth. Stopping for a second, he nodded slowly to himself and pressed on. Tim McKee finally returned with two steaming decaf coffees in hand. He didn't think much of Steven's absence, assuming he had left to use the bathroom or in pursuit of food. He began to sip one cup while, non-blinking, watched steam rise from the other. Steven James Davies stood in front of the dark, derelict house. That is, if you could call it a house. It served its owner, Tom Campbell, as an office of sorts. Despite losing one of his favourite customers a few months earlier, there was no shortage of junkies to help Campbell pay the bills. Steven had been so happy when he realised he no longer needed Thomas Campbell and the substance he sold. But now there was nothing to be happy about. There was no reason for him to be alive anyway; Katie was the only reason he hadn't taken his life a year before, and now she had gone. Together they were going to raise their baby, together they were going to help people like Steven when they had no one left to turn to. He couldn't take the pressure. Leaning heavily against a damp alleyway wall, Steve began to cry. He had been there for ten minutes, shaking with sorrow. He had made up his mind though. He wasn't going to go back to the way things were. He was going to make Katie proud of him; he was going to be strong. Just as he turned away, Thomas Campbell flung open the door of his ‘house' and beckoned Steve inside with a sickening smile. Tim was starting to get worried. It had been almost an hour now. Sure, his friend was famed for his huge appetite, but surely he wouldn't be able to eat that much at a time like this. Suddenly it dawned on him. He was at Thomas's. He stood up quickly, knocking the stone cold cup of coffee all over the floor. As he strode towards the doors the doctor appeared once again. â€Å"Are you with the Davies's?† The doctor was wearing a grin not unlike the one that had been wiped off Steven's face hours before. Tim nodded, and the doctor couldn't hide his happiness any longer. â€Å"They're going to be fine,† he smiled, â€Å"Katie's blood pressure is back down and her waters just broke. She's fine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The doctor looked slightly perplexed as McKee pushed through the doors, rounded a corner and began to sprint towards the exit of the hospital. He had to find Steve. He stumbled out of Thomas Campbell's house just ten minutes after entering it. It hadn't changed a bit in those three short months. There was still a ‘waiting room'. The smoke from cigarettes hung low in the air, and people that looked without souls stared blankly at the walls or floor. The stained wallpaper curled at the ceiling, exposing the plaster underneath. There was still the muffled sound of coughing and the awful smell. Urine, sick, the smell of rotting food†¦ It was all encapsulated in the nauseating thick air of Thomas Campbell's home. Tom had assured Steven that he was expecting him. He told him that he was weak, and that they all come back. Steve had put up with the sneering, paid and had left. He was now stumbling back down the alley, grinning manically and zigzagging from wall to wall. He bent down and let out a series of jagged, croaking laughs before carrying on towards the main road. â€Å"Watch where you're going!† Steve had bumped into an elderly man. The citizens of Steve's town had seen anything. During his life the man had become cold and harsh, and was extremely opinionated. Instead of bending down to check if Steve, now lying on the floor in a foetal position, was breathing or conscious, the man spat on him. â€Å"Damn druggies†¦ You should all go to hell, you know that?† He carried on muttering to himself as he sauntered down the road. Tim was also muttering under his breath. He couldn't believe he had left Steve on his own. He was so irresponsible. It was entirely his fault. â€Å"Steve!† He called into the dark, turning down streets he didn't know in the hope of finding his friend. â€Å"Steven!† He didn't know where he was. He had no clue where to find Steve. He had to keep searching. After a problem-free labour, Katie Winters had given birth to a healthy baby boy. â€Å"Can you send my fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ through, please?† It felt as though he had searched down every street in the city. Panting, Tim leant against a car to try and catch his breath. It was then he saw him. â€Å"STEVEN!† He called, running towards the shadowy figure that was crouching on the other side of the road. â€Å"Steven! You idiot! Katie's fine! She was going in to labour when I left!† Steve struggled to his feet. He could just make out what Tim was saying. He broke from his stupor and began to amble across the road towards his friend. He reached halfway before there was a flash of white light. A speeding car had just turned down the quiet street. Steve turned towards it and froze. There was a screech of brakes and then nothing. He was thrown into the air and rolled off the bonnet of the car, which sped away as quickly as it had come. Tim rushed to the middle of the road and knelt by his Steven's side. â€Å"Somebody called an ambulance!† He screamed, though he couldn't hear himself. Steve reached out for Tim's gloved hand and squeezed it. The faint call of ambulance sirens rang out through the night. Steven looked up at Tim, smiled, and fell back to the ground.